引用
台灣社會民眾處理人際糾紛態度之研究
Handling Interpersonal Disputes: A Study of Attitudes Towards Formal and Informal Social Controls in Taiwan
作者：關秉寅（Ping-Yin KUAN） | 首次發表於 2020-07-19 | 第 22 期 October 1999
DOI：https://dx.doi.org/10.6786/TJS.199910.0127
研究論文（Research Articles）
DOI：https://dx.doi.org/10.6786/TJS.199910.0127
研究論文（Research Articles）
論文資訊 | Article information
摘要 Abstract
本研究目的是要了解台灣地區民眾在遇到人際方面之糾紛時，會採取那種態度來處理問題。人際糾紛之產生是因社會互動中有一方被另一方認作是違反了社會規範。因此處理糾紛之方式就是爲了維持社會秩序之社會控制方式。社會控制方式可分成正式及非正式兩大類。正式社會控制是透過法律制度及資源來處理糾紛，而非正式社會控制則包含不採取任何行動、自行解決、透過他人調解等方式。從法律行爲學派之觀點來看，各種社會控制方式之使用是和涉及糾紛者之社會關係各種面向，如關係距離、階層、組織、型態等有關。本研究即根據Black（1976）及Horwitz（1990）二人在此方面之理論命題，演繹出七個研究假設來探討台灣民眾處理人際糾紛之方式的傾向。
本研究先利用潛在類別分析的方法來分析民國83年「台灣地區社會意向調查」中八個假設性人際糾紛情況的處理方式。分析結果顯示，不論是在與財物有關或與財物無關的情況中，處理糾紛方式是可分成正式及非正式社會控制方式兩種潛在類別。本研究以潛在類別分析的結果爲依變項，進一步以邏輯迴歸分析來檢證各項研究假設。邏輯迴歸分析結果顯示，在與財物有關的情況中，大陸省籍者、主要爲原住民的其它類省籍者與教育程度愈高者，愈可能使用正式社會控制方式來解決糾紛；而年齡愈大者與住都會區者，愈不可能使用正式社會控制方式。在與財物無關的情況中，男性與教育程度愈高者，愈可能使用正式社會控制方式來解決糾紛；而住都會區者，較不可能使用正式社會控制方式。就研究假設所預期的來說，這樣的結果對大部份假設的支持是矛盾的。
關鍵字：人際糾紛、社會控制的方式、潛在類別分析
本研究先利用潛在類別分析的方法來分析民國83年「台灣地區社會意向調查」中八個假設性人際糾紛情況的處理方式。分析結果顯示，不論是在與財物有關或與財物無關的情況中，處理糾紛方式是可分成正式及非正式社會控制方式兩種潛在類別。本研究以潛在類別分析的結果爲依變項，進一步以邏輯迴歸分析來檢證各項研究假設。邏輯迴歸分析結果顯示，在與財物有關的情況中，大陸省籍者、主要爲原住民的其它類省籍者與教育程度愈高者，愈可能使用正式社會控制方式來解決糾紛；而年齡愈大者與住都會區者，愈不可能使用正式社會控制方式。在與財物無關的情況中，男性與教育程度愈高者，愈可能使用正式社會控制方式來解決糾紛；而住都會區者，較不可能使用正式社會控制方式。就研究假設所預期的來說，這樣的結果對大部份假設的支持是矛盾的。
關鍵字：人際糾紛、社會控制的方式、潛在類別分析
This research explores how people in Taiwan handle situations of interpersonal disputes. Interpersonal disputes happen when one of the parties in the process of social interaction perceives that the other party does not follow the normative expectation in doing things. Disputes handling can therefore be viewed as social control used by the members of a society to maintain social order. There are two basic processes of social control: formal and informal. Formal social control is achieved by using legal system and resources. Ways of informal social control include inaction and various forms of unilateral and bilateral social control such as revenge or negotiation.
Black (1976) and Horwitz (1990) propose that the use of various forms of social controls is related to some major aspects of social relationship between disputants. These aspects include relational distance, hierarchy, organization, morphology, and social control. Seven research hypotheses derived from Black's and Horwitz's theories are used to investigate how people in Taiwan would handle interpersonal disputes and factors that influence their choice of social control methods in resolving conflicts. This research tests these hypotheses against the data collected by ”The Social Image Survey” in 1994.
Results of the latent class analysis uncover that there are indeed two latent types of social control in both financially related and non-financially related dispute situations. Logistic regression is used to further analyze the resulting classification derived from the latent class analysis. Results of logistic regression show that, in financially related dispute situations, mainlanders, those identified as belonging to ”other ethnic groups” (mainly aborigines in Taiwan), and the educational level are positively related to the use of formal social control to handle interpersonal disputes. Age and those who live in metropolitan areas are negatively related to the use of formal social control methods. In non-financially related dispute situations, male and the educational level are positively related to the use of formal social control to handle interpersonal disputes. Those who live in metropolitan areas are negatively related to the use of formal social control methods. These results do not lend consistent support to the research hypotheses.
Keywords: interpersonal disputes, forms of social control, latent class analysis
Black (1976) and Horwitz (1990) propose that the use of various forms of social controls is related to some major aspects of social relationship between disputants. These aspects include relational distance, hierarchy, organization, morphology, and social control. Seven research hypotheses derived from Black's and Horwitz's theories are used to investigate how people in Taiwan would handle interpersonal disputes and factors that influence their choice of social control methods in resolving conflicts. This research tests these hypotheses against the data collected by ”The Social Image Survey” in 1994.
Results of the latent class analysis uncover that there are indeed two latent types of social control in both financially related and non-financially related dispute situations. Logistic regression is used to further analyze the resulting classification derived from the latent class analysis. Results of logistic regression show that, in financially related dispute situations, mainlanders, those identified as belonging to ”other ethnic groups” (mainly aborigines in Taiwan), and the educational level are positively related to the use of formal social control to handle interpersonal disputes. Age and those who live in metropolitan areas are negatively related to the use of formal social control methods. In non-financially related dispute situations, male and the educational level are positively related to the use of formal social control to handle interpersonal disputes. Those who live in metropolitan areas are negatively related to the use of formal social control methods. These results do not lend consistent support to the research hypotheses.
Keywords: interpersonal disputes, forms of social control, latent class analysis
