引用
中國準計畫行政體制：鄉鎮政府從企業經營到土地收租的軟預算財政
The Making of a Chinese Semi-Planned Administration: Soft Budget Constraints and Local Transition from Entrepreneur to Rentier
作者：劉雅靈（Yia-Ling Liu） | 首次發表於 2020-06-04 | 第 45 期 December 2010
DOI：https://dx.doi.org/10.6786/TJS.201012_(45).0004
研究論文（Research Articles）
DOI：https://dx.doi.org/10.6786/TJS.201012_(45).0004
研究論文（Research Articles）
論文資訊 | Article information
摘要 Abstract
本文主要從「中國準計畫行政體制」的概念架構出發，探索溫州、無錫、建始三地農村基層政府從企業家轉型為收租者的過程。本文強調「中國準計畫行政體制」中「幹部目標責任制、上級政府財政支出責任下移、社會主義父權制」的制度安排，不僅降低國家科層體制的監督能力，而且敗壞基層財政紀律。「中國準計畫行政體制」進一步形塑幹部個人理性思維與行動選項，壓縮鄉鎮基層與上級政府在財稅分配中的議價空間、降低鄉鎮負債的交易成本、提高幹部任期的政治折扣率，因而促使基層幹部只顧追求個人短期政績而犧牲地方長遠發展的理性抉擇， 並使農村基層幹部從企業家走向資源掠奪的土地收租者，甚至負債，從而導致中國農村基層政府陷入赤字預算與債務的軟預算病態。
關鍵詞：準計畫行政體制、軟預算弊病、收租者、幹部目標責任制、社會主義父權制
關鍵詞：準計畫行政體制、軟預算弊病、收租者、幹部目標責任制、社會主義父權制
The author constructs the concept of a Chinese semi-planned administration to explore the grassroots transition from entrepreneur to rentier in Wenzhou, Wuxi, and Jianshi, and to analyze the pathology of local soft budget constraints throughout rural China. The argument is made that the combination of the target responsibility system, cost-shifting strategy, and state paternalism crippled the capacity of the state’s hierarchical supervision system, and corrupted local fiscal discipline. The Chinese semi-planned administration has shaped the rational thinking and patterned behaviors of township cadres, resulting in (a) squeezed spaces for township government leaders to negotiate with their superiors, (b) lower transaction costs for townships to carry debt, and (c) higher discount rates for township cadres. All of these factors have forced township cadres to pursue short-term goals in order to earn promotions, rather than long-term development goals that can benefit their localities. In addition to supporting the transitioning of township governments from entrepreneurs to rentiers, these actions also soften local budget constraints.
Keywords: semi-planned administration, soft budget constraints, rentier, target responsibility system, state paternalism
Keywords: semi-planned administration, soft budget constraints, rentier, target responsibility system, state paternalism
